Person Sheet


Name Anthony Lumpkin
Father Jacob Lumpkin (1644-1708)
Spouses:
1 Sarah Elizabeth
Children: William Dickson (1759-1851)
John
Notes for Anthony Lumpkin
This is an unproven family lineage and would be true only if Dickeson is proved to be the father of James M. Lumpkin. I keep it here in case that happens.

Early History of Old Orange County

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The source of this information is Orange County - 1752-1952 edited by Hugh Lefler and Paul Wager, published in 1953.


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Before Orange County - The Indians

When the curtain rose for the drama of history to begin, the land
that is now Orange county was occupied by small tribes of Siouan origin.
The great Trading Path from Virginia to the Catawba nation led through
the region of present Hillsboro and Mebane to Haw river. The first
description of this famous Indian trail was given by John LEDERER, a
German doctor, in June, 1670. He told of his visit to the Eno Indians
along the Eno river near present Hillsboro. His narrative read:

*****Dr. Lederer's comments****

The county here, by the industry of these Indians, is very open and clear
of wood. Their town is built round a field where in their sports they
exercise with so much labour and violence, and in so great numbers that
I have seen the ground wet with sweat that dropped from their bodies:
their chief recreation is slinging of stones. They are of mean stature and
courage, covetous and thievish, industrious to earn a penny; and therefore
hire themselves out to their neighbours, who employ them as carryers or
porters. They plant abundance of grain, reap three crops in a summer,
and out of their granary supply all the adjacent parts. These and the
mountain-Indians build not their houses of bark, but of watling and
plaister. . . .Some houses they have of reed or bark; they build them
generally round: to each house belongs a little hovel made like an oven,
where they lay up their corn and mast, and keep it dry. They parch their
nuts and acorns over a fire, to take away their rank oyliness; which
afterwards pressed, yield a milky liquor, and the acorns an amber-colour'd
oyl. In these, mingled together, they dip their cakes at great
entertainments, and so serve them up to their guests as an extraordinary
dainty. Their government is democratick; and the sentences of their old
men are received as laws, or rather oracles, by them.
****end of Dr. Lederer's comments****

The author goes on to say that more than two centuries later the following
comment was written. He does not say who wrote this comment.

**********************
Not far from Eno Town the young braves of North Carolina and Duke
universities still carry on their ball play with much labour and violence,
the government of the county is still democratic, and the three crops a
year are possible for farmers who space their corn plantings properly.
**********************

Fourteen miles west-southwest from his visit to the Eno Village Lederer
found the Shackory Indians dwelling upon a rich soil. These seem to tally
with the Shakori (Shoccoree), or Saxapahaw, sometimes called Sissipihaw,
dwelling Haw river in the neighborhood of Haw fields.

Another traveler, John LAWSON, came along the trading path from
the south in 1701. The trail was followed across "three Great Rivers",
identified as Little and Big Alamance rivers and Haw river. The Haw
river ford, which was crossed "with great Difficulty, (by God's Assistance),"
was in the neighborhood of the present village of Swepsonville, and bordered
lands which Lawson described as "extraordinary Rich".

As he traveled through Haw fields, he met a trading caravan of
thirty horses led by several horsemen. The leader, a man named MASSEY,
from Leeds in Yorkshire, England, advised Lawson to secure ENO-WILL, a
faithful Indian guide, who was to be found at one of the villages in the
Occoneechee neighborhood. This Indian was a Shakori by birth, whose people
had been met by Lederer at Haw river and who had since joined the Eno and
another tribe known as Adshusheer.

The Occoneechee Indians had fled from their island home at the
confluence of Dan and Staunton rivers and were then n the region of the
Eno river, where they left their name in the "Occoneechee Hills", not far
from present Hillsboro.

The Occoneechee (Occaneechee) Indians provided Lawson with a feast of
"good fat Bear, and Venison." The Indians' cabins, or lodges, were
festooned with dried bear and dear meat, "a good sort of Tapestry," which
caused Lawson to declare that the Indians possessed "the Flower of Carolina;
the English enjoying only the Fag-end of that fine Country."

Eno-Will agreed to guide Lawson to eastern Carolina. A halt was
made at Eno town, located on a "Pretty Rivulet", fourteen miles east of
the Occoneechee, and northwest of the present city of Durham. Here Lawson
wrote this character sketch of his Indian friend:

****Lawson's sketch****
Our Guide and Landlord, Enoe-Will, was of the best and most agreeable Temper
that I ever met with in an Indian, being always ready to serve the English,
not out of Gain, but real Affection; which makes him apprehensive of being
poisoned by some wicked Indians, and was therefore very earnest with me,
to promise him to avenge his Death if it should so happen. He brought some
of his chief Men into his Cabin, and two of them having a Drum and Rattle,
sung by us as we lay in Bed, and struck up their Music to serenade and welcome
us into their Town. And though at last, we fell asleep, yet they continued
their Concert till Morning.
****End of Lawson's sketch****

Soon after this visit of John Lawson, the Siouan tribes of the
Piedmont departed for eastern Carolina. Apparently all of the Indians in
the region later included in Orange county had disappeared by the time that the
white settlement of the area began.

The First Settlers

There were few white families in the 1740's in the area that was to
become Orange County. But, by 1751 Governor Gabriel JOHNSTON reported
that settlers were flocking in, mostly from PA. At the time it was
formed Orange County had an estimated population of 4,000. By 1767 it
had the largest population of any county in NC.

The migration along the "Great Wagon Road" from PA through Shenandoah
valley to Carolina was made up largely of Scotch-Irish and German
immigrants. "Scotch-Irish" is the term used in the
reference book. German refers to the area that was later to become
Germany.

The most distinctly Scotch-Irish settlement in the county was Eno, about
7 miles north of Hillsborough. They also settled in the area east of
the Haw river adn in the Little river and New Hope creek sections. The
Scotch-Irish, in what is now Guilford County, organized Buffalo
Presbyterian Church in 1756. The Scotch were said to have been most prevelant
in Cumberland County, but there were some that settled in southern Orange
in the area that is now Chatham County.

Germans held the land west of the Haw River. There were Lutherans
and German Reformed. Ludwig CLAPP had a grant of 640 acres on the
Alamance. Michael HOLT had large acreage along the Great and Little
Alamance. John FAUST had land on Cain Creek. Adam TROLINGER had land
on the west bank of the Haw River, near the present railroad crossing.
Other German pioneers were Christian FAUST, Jacob ALBRIGHT, Peter SHARP,
Philip SNOTHERLY and David EFLAND. Quoting from the book: "By 1773
there were so many Germans in western Orange that J.F.D. SMYTHE, an
English traveler, experienced difficulty in finding anyone who
understood his language in some areas west of Hillsboro."

Some of the names of these early German settlers include:
ALBRECHT/ALBRIGHT, BASON, KLAPP/CLAPP, EPHLAND/EFLAND, FAUST/FOUST,
GERHARD, GOERTNER/COURTNER/CURTNER, GRAFF/GRAVES, HOLT/HOLD,
KIMBRO/KIMBROUGH, LEINBERGER/LINEBERRY, LONG, LOY, MAY, MOSER,
NEASE/NEESE/NEESE, RICH/RIDGE, SCHADE/SHADDIE,
SCHEAFER/SHAVER/SHEPHERD, SCHWENCK/SWING, SHARP/SHAEBE, TROLLINGER,
STEINER/STONER, WEITZEL/WHITESELL,

English immigrants from VA settled in northern Orange along the Hico
River and County Line Creek. There was a settlement of Irish near Stoney
Creek in what is now Alamance County. The Welsh, including Thomas LLOYD
settled between Hillsborough and what is now Chatham County.

Quakers were very prominent in early Orange County. There were some
north of Hillsborough. There were more in the Cain Creek and Stinking
Quarter Creek areas that are now part of Alamance, Chatham and
Randolph. Two prominent Quaker pioneers were Jonathan LINDLEY of the
Cain Creek section and William COURTNEY of Hillsborough..

Land Ownership in Orange County
From its beginning Orange County was the home of farmers. It has
been said that in 18th century Orange county more than 75% of the land
owners owned between 100 and 500 acres. This was at a time that large land
grants were common, but only 5% of the land owners had 1,000 acres or more.

The three largest landowners in 1800 were William CAIN who had 4,417
acres, Richard BENNEHAN with 4,065 acres, and William STRUDWICK with 4,000.
By 1860 77% of the land owners had 100 acres or less with only about 1%
having 1,000 acres or more.

Slavery in Orange County
Slavery was well established in the colony of North Carolina long
before Orange County came into being. Slavery was not as important an
institution in Orange County as other places. At no time did slaves
constitute more than 31 percent of the total population of the county.

In 1755 (3 years after its founding) only 8 percent of the families
owned slaves. The largest slaveholder at that time, Mark MORGAN, had only 6
slaves. By 1780, however, 3 percent of Orange Co slaveholders had more than
20 slaves.

The 1790 census showed 10,055 whites, 2,060 Negro slaves, and 101
other free persons. At that time there were 14 slaveholders who had 10
slaves or more. 4 of these 14 lived in Hillsboro. William COOPER was the
largest slaveholder in Hillsboro with 22 and Richard BENNEHAN, a planter,
was the largest slaveholder in the county with 24. Others who had 10 or
more were George ALLEN, John TAYLOR, Matthew McCAULEY, John HOGAN, Thomas H
PERKINS with 10 each; Walter ALVES with 11; William SHEPPARD and William
O'NEAL with 12 each; Hardy MORGAN with 14; Alexander MEBANE with 16; and a
person whose name is not known with 20.

In 1860 less than half of all landowners in the county had slaves.
Over 40 percent of those had only one slave. The following is a direct
quote: "Most slaveholders owned a small number of slaves, hence the
relationship between master and slave was very close. The master knew his
slaves by name, took a personal interest in them individually, and looked
upon them almost as members of his family"

In 1860 the 3 largest slaveholders were I. N. PATTERSON with 106,
Paul CAMERON with 98, and Henry WHITTED with 78.





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